Hyper-Grip

Echinacea (Echinacea purpurea) is a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the Asteraceae/Compositae family (which also includes Sunflower, Chicory, Artichoke, Yarrow, Dandelion, Burdock, Wormwood, Tarragon, and many others). Typically, the name Echinacea is used interchangeably for any of the three related species: E. angustifolia, E. pallida, and E. purpurea. All three species have phytotherapeutic uses, being utilized for either their roots and rhizomes or their flowers (particularly in the case of E. purpurea). Echinacea is one of the most well-known and studied medicinal plants. Although there are several related species of Echinacea, currently, only the three mentioned above are used therapeutically. They share similar properties and uses, with the note that both the roots and aerial parts of E. purpurea are utilized, while the other two species primarily use the roots. There are also minor differences regarding the active compounds found in the three species, with the most notable characteristics being: the almost complete absence of alkamides in E. pallida, the presence of chicoric acid only in E. purpurea, the predominance of cinarine in E. angustifolia, and the occurrence of distinct types of polyacetylenes in E. pallida.

However, the main phytotherapeutic properties of the three species are the same, and scientists believe that echinacosides and caffeic acid derivatives are the compounds responsible for most of the health benefits of Echinacea plants. Thus, the roots, rhizomes, and aerial parts of Echinacea are processed and prepared in numerous forms, the most common being infusions, tinctures, fresh juices (only the aerial parts), syrups, capsules, or tablets for internal administration. Their consumption is especially recommended for supporting immunity, increasing resistance to viral infections, alleviating symptoms associated with colds and flu, and reducing recovery time after such episodes. Additionally, traditional medicine recommends Echinacea-based products for reducing blood sugar, alleviating side effects of radiation therapy, maintaining normal cell division, destroying aberrant cells (cytotoxic effect), maintaining the health of the upper respiratory system and urinary tract, eliminating toxins from the body through urine and sweating (diaphoretic action), and reducing the inflammatory status in the body.

In this product, the extract of Echinacea is used for its strengthening properties of the immune system and its ability to combat viruses that cause the common cold. It is a good adjunct in reducing the risk of catching a cold, shortening recovery time, and alleviating cold symptoms. Furthermore, the active compounds (e.g., phenylpropanoids, such as caffeic acid glycosides – echinacosides, verbascosides, caffeoyl echinacosides; esters of caffeic acid with quinic acid – chlorogenic and isochlorogenic acid; esters of caffeic acid with tartaric acid – caftaric acid, chicoric acid; polysaccharides, glycoproteins, flavonoids – quercetin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin, and their glycosides; betaine, fatty acids, simple sugars, phytosterols, vanillin, volatile oils including alkenes – polyenes, alkynes – polyacetylenes, ketoalkenes, and ketoalkenones – ketopolyacetylenes) from the Echinacea extract also contribute to: supporting normal cell division processes, reducing blood sugar levels, maintaining the health of the urinary tract and eliminating toxins from the body through renal and sweat pathways, increasing urine secretion, eliminating water retention from tissues, combating oxidative stress, and limiting inflammatory processes in the body. In summary, among the virtues of the Echinacea extract are actions that are immunomodulatory, antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, hypoglycemic, cytotoxic, diaphoretic, depurative, and diuretic.

White Willow (Salix alba) is a dioecious deciduous tree, heliophytic and hygrophytic, from the Salicaceae family. Being a great lover of water, it most often grows on riverbanks and in swampy areas, both in lowland and hilly regions. Preparations made from Willow bark have a usage history of over 6,000 years. The bark of this tree was often chewed to reduce fever or pain. Galen, Pliny the Elder, and Hippocrates mentioned the health benefits of Willow bark. There are references in ancient texts from the Sumerians, Assyrians, and Egyptians. When not consumed directly, Willow bark was soaked in alcohol to create a tincture. Native American tribes, such as the Cherokee, used the bark and leaves in infusions. Decoctions made from Willow bark are particularly effective in soothing pains such as rheumatic, menstrual, or headache-related. Furthermore, decoctions are useful in reducing fever and calming the nervous system. Lastly, it also has vasodilatory properties and stimulates peripheral circulation. Used externally, Willow bark decoction is hemostatic, astringent, and inhibits excessive sweating due to its tannin content. Generally, young branches (2-3 years old) are used to make Willow preparations, and sometimes leaves harvested in the spring-summer months.

Natural extracts from White Willow bark are effective adjuncts in reducing temperature, soothing various types of pain, reducing inflammation, increasing peripheral circulation, and limiting cellular division errors. Additionally, Willow derivatives also help to thin the blood, making them good anti-platelet aggregants. Modern studies have confirmed the efficacy of a course of treatment with Willow extract in alleviating lower back pain. The active compound in White Willow bark, Salicin, is named after the Latin term for Willow, from which it was first isolated in the laboratory in 1828. This compound is also found in varying amounts in other species such as Poplar or Birch. Derivatives of Salicin, such as Salicylic Acid, are found in berries, Creeping Charlie, Alfalfa, or certain spices, acting as a phytohormone. This acid was the basis for the synthesis of Aspirin in 1897. Discovered over 120 years ago, Aspirin is now the most widely used medication in the world and is listed among essential medicines by the WHO (World Health Organization). It is often prescribed long-term for those with cardiovascular problems, providing a protective effect, particularly for individuals who have suffered heart attacks. More recent studies have observed a possible protective effect against cellular division errors and uncontrolled cell proliferation. Unfortunately, alongside its health benefits, Acetylsalicylic Acid – or synthetic Aspirin – is also associated with several side effects such as irritation of the gastrointestinal mucosa or stimulation of vitamin C excretion from the body; therefore, it is recommended to avoid consuming products containing salicylates on an empty stomach, and supplementation with vitamin C is indicated during a course of treatment with derivatives of salicylic acid.

Used externally, salicylic acid is found in most cosmetic products for treating acne (under the name of BHA) and in many exfoliating products for treating warts, calluses, dandruff, psoriasis, seborrheic dermatitis, or other dermatological issues. Salicylic Acid derivatives, called salicylates, are very useful in thinning the blood by inhibiting the secretion of thromboxanes and prostaglandins. The latter are involved in inflammatory processes in the body, thus explaining the anti-inflammatory action of salicylates. Thinning the blood, within normal limits, is associated with the proper functioning of the cardiovascular system. In this product, the extract from Willow bark serves an anti-inflammatory, analgesic (for soothing headaches that may arise from viral infections), antipyretic, and calming action on the nervous system.

Black Currant (Ribes nigrum) is a spiny shrub with an average height of 1-2 m, belonging to the Ribes genus, family Grossulariaceae. In Europe, Black Currant has been cultivated since the 15th century, cherished for its mildly tart fruits. Alongside Blueberries and Blackberries, Black Currants are a natural, bioavailable source of anthocyanins, pigments that give these berries their characteristic black-purple color, as well as their beneficial antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Most often, Black Currants are used to make juices, cider, jellies, marmalades, cakes, or dietary supplements (e.g., tinctures, teas, syrups). Nutritionally, these fruits are highly valuable, consisting of: water (80%), carbohydrates (10 g%), proteins (0.9 g%), fats (0.09 g%). Additionally, the nutritional and health-promoting properties of these fruits are due to compounds such as: vitamin C (200 mg%), vitamin B6 (78 mg%), vitamin B1 (52 mg%), vitamin B2 (27 mg%), vitamin A (23 mg%), niacin (29 mg%), calcium (45 mg%), potassium (300 mg%), phosphorus (40 mg%), iron (0.8 mg%), zinc (0.15 mg%), magnesium (0.3 mg%). Furthermore, Black Currants contain: tannins, rutin, anthocyanins, polyphenols, beta-carotenes, cellulose (5.6 mg%), tartaric acid (3.2 mg%), citric acid (2.91 mg%), malic acid (0.38 mg%), and pectin.

However, Black Currant is recognized not only for the health benefits of its fruits but also for those of its leaves, both having numerous uses in phytotherapy. According to laboratory analyses, Black Currant leaves contain even more vitamin C than the fruits (200 mg%) of the same species. Additionally, the leaves of this shrub contain other vitamins, tannins (epigallocatechin, gallocatechin, prodelphinidin), pectins, carbohydrates, amino acids (arginine, proline, glycine, alanine), volatile oils (caryophyllene, sabinene, sesquiterpenes, terpinol), phenols, potassium salts, sulfur, and phosphorus. The beneficial properties of products made from Black Currant leaves are also due to flavonoids such as: myricetin, kaempferol, quercetin, isoquercetin, rutin, and sakuranetin with antifungal properties.

According to modern phytotherapy, extracts obtained from the fruits and leaves of this species have a strong anti-inflammatory effect due to the flavonoids they contain. They also contribute to maintaining leukocyte homeostasis and have a stabilizing action on cell membranes. Very important is the antihistamine action due to the polyphenols present. In general, derivatives from Black Currant (Ribes nigrum) have fortifying properties on the immune system, protect against the negative effects of oxidative stress, and limit inflammatory processes in the body due to the vitamin C, anthocyanins, and polyphenols contained. In other words, Black Currant contributes to the proper functioning of the immune, circulatory, muscular, and joint systems, supports kidney excretory function, aids in weight control, and helps increase the body’s resistance to stress and other environmental factors. Used externally, it also has a soothing action on the throat (pharynx, vocal cords).

In conclusion, the extract from Black Currant leaves contributes to maintaining the health of the immune system by modulating the inflammatory response, and the respiratory system by easing breathing and providing a calming effect on the throat, pharynx, and vocal cords. Additionally, the active compounds (e.g., flavonoids, tannins) contained in the leaves contribute to detoxifying the body and promoting the elimination of excess water (retentions) and uric acid. Thus, among the virtues of Black Currant derivatives are actions that are anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, tonic at the cardiovascular level, adaptogenic, depurative, soothing for the respiratory tract, astringent, and diuretic. Used externally, Black Currant extracts have an action that is wound-healing, astringent, bacteriostatic, antiviral, and antifungal.

Hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis), also known as Garden Thyme, Good Hyssop, or Thyme, is a perennial herbaceous plant, aromatic and honey-producing, considered a subshrub, from the Lamiaceae/Labiatae family (which includes Mint, Sage, Oregano, Rosemary, Basil, Lavender, Marjoram, and Thyme). It is native to the Mediterranean region and is found in the spontaneous flora of Southern Europe, the Middle East, and the Caspian Sea basin. In Romania, it is mainly cultivated, occasionally found in the spontaneous flora, and is utilized as an ornamental, aromatic, honey-producing, and medicinal plant. Known since antiquity, Hyssop is a plant with biblical significance, noted for its purifying properties as well as its phytotherapeutic action. It is mentioned in numerous important works such as the Bible (Psalm 50 of King David), the writings of Dioscorides, Pliny the Elder, Theophrastus, and Columella. Thus, we see that Hyssop is one of the most versatile medicinal plants, present in the pharmacopoeia of many countries. With numerous uses that have persisted in modern phytotherapy, Hyssop is particularly useful for maintaining respiratory and digestive health. It has a bitter-astringent taste due to the tannins it contains and a strong menthol aroma due to its essential oil.

According to modern phytotherapy, derivatives from Hyssop have expectorant, antiseptic, and wound-healing qualities on the respiratory tract due to the diosmin and hyssopin they contain. These help to calm inflammation in the bronchi and lungs, easing breathing by decongesting the airways, thinning mucus, and dilating the bronchi. Another active compound found in the essential oil of Hyssop is alpha-pinene. This is a highly bioavailable bronchodilator, as well as a good anti-inflammatory, broad-spectrum natural antibiotic, and even an aid for memory by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase. The antiseptic properties of Hyssop also have an effect on the uro-renal level, protecting the kidneys and lower urinary tract from infections. Additionally, the infusion of the aerial parts of this species is purifying and diuretic, slightly lowering blood pressure, increasing urine volume, and promoting the elimination of urea, chlorides, and uric acid from the body. Marubina and the tannins contained in Hyssop derivatives give them tonic and astringent properties, both when used externally and internally. Moreover, this plant regulates appetite, supports proper digestion, and promotes gas elimination through its carminative, vermifuge, stomachic, anti-inflammatory, and antiseptic effects. Limonene, another compound found in Hyssop essential oil, imparts digestive properties to products derived from this plant, and it is frequently used in natural and alternative medicine to alleviate gastroesophageal reflux symptoms and heartburn (pyrosis). Hyssop also has a positive action on the digestive system due to its hepato-protective effects, being capable of reducing fat accumulation in the liver.

Rich in essential oil that also contains thujone, pinocamphene, or cineole, Hyssop has a stimulating and invigorating effect on the central nervous system. However, undiluted essential oil, even in small doses (2-3 drops), can trigger epileptic seizures in those suffering from this condition or induce convulsions in small children. Hyssop is useful in reducing fever and boosting immunity, particularly in cases of viral infections and digestive or respiratory issues. Most likely, the antipyretic and immunomodulatory effects are due to its content of organic acids, such as polyphenolic carboxylic acids, some of which are used as intermediates in pharmaceuticals with analgesic, antipyretic (fever-reducing), and anti-rheumatic actions. Used externally, Hyssop has protective properties against viruses, bacteria, and fungi. Additionally, Hyssop derivatives are tonic and healing for the skin and scalp.

In conclusion, the extract of Hyssop is recognized for its antiseptic, antispasmodic, and anti-inflammatory properties on the respiratory system, primarily, but also on the digestive and urinary systems secondarily. It is recommended for alleviating coughs, hoarseness, sore throat, and aiding expectoration. Moreover, the active compounds (e.g., essential oil – borneol, pinocamphene, and isopinocamphene, pinene, terpinen, camphene, pinocamphene, terpineol, myrtenol, camphor, thujone, geraniol; marubina, sesquiterpenes – caryophyllene, humulene, cadinene, nevolidol; hesperidin, diosmin, hyssopin, triterpenoids, flavonoid derivatives, ursolic acid, oleanolic acid, carbohydrates, lipids, tannins, phytosterols – β-sitosterol; gum resins, minerals – Ca, Na, P, K, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, S, Mo, etc.) from the aerial parts of this species also contribute to: soothing spasms in the respiratory and digestive systems, preventing fat deposits in the liver, normalizing blood pressure, increasing capillary resistance and elasticity, stimulating appetite, easing blood circulation, regulating the menstrual cycle, eliminating toxins and metabolic waste through urine and sweating, and removing gases and parasites from the intestines. Thus, among the virtues of Hyssop derivatives are actions that are antiseptic, expectorant, antitussive, antispasmodic in the bronchi and abdomen, hypotensive, vasodilatory at the arterial level, bronchodilatory, astringent, soothing for the mucous membranes and upper respiratory tract, healing, anti-inflammatory, stimulating the central nervous system, vermifuge, appetite-stimulating, stomachic, tonic-bitter, hepato-protective, tonic at the capillary level, anti-asthmatic, diaphoretic, and diuretic. Used externally, Hyssop preparations exhibit antiviral, bactericidal, fungicidal, astringent, healing, anti-inflammatory, tonic for the hair and skin, antiperspirant, and hemostatic actions.

Icelandic Moss (Cetraria islandica), also known as Reindeer Moss, Mountain Jelly, or Mountain Moss, is a lichen species from the Parmeliaceae family (the largest family of fungi forming lichens, encompassing over 2,700 species from 71 genera). Due to its bushy appearance (vertical growth of 8-10 cm), it has often been compared to moss. Its color can vary from shades of brownish, to bright green, or even gray-white, with the underside lighter in color and sometimes featuring small white spots. The vegetative organ of lichens is called the “thallus.” In the case of Icelandic Moss, it consists of flat or tubular lobes with lobed edges. It has a bitter taste and a mucilaginous texture. In our country, this species can be found growing spontaneously on rocks in alpine areas, on wind-exposed plateaus, through juniper bushes, and in dry places.

Historically, Icelandic Moss was a common ingredient in traditional culinary preparations (e.g., soups, porridge, bread) in Iceland. Due to its high content of specific carbohydrates, which hydrolyze into mannose, galactose, and glucose, this lichen species was used in Nordic countries for producing sugar or as animal fodder (e.g., for reindeer). Thanks to its rich content of polysaccharides or mucilages, Icelandic Moss is currently being studied more intensively; these compounds have a strong anti-inflammatory action and are soluble in over 70% in hot water. One such compound is lichenin, also known as lichenan or lichen starch, which is a complex β-glucan found only in certain lichen species and was identified as early as 1956. In addition to polysaccharides, thalli contain bitter principles, such as cetraric acid or cetrarin. These are mainly responsible for the cholagogue effects and stimulation of gastrointestinal and pancreatic secretions. It is important to note that these effects are obtained ONLY through the perception of the bitter taste! Thus, with the stimulation of the bitter taste receptors, an automatic reaction occurs in the body, increasing both salivary secretion and that of the glands with internal secretion.

Most often, modern phytotherapy recommends products based on Icelandic Moss as adjuncts in soothing inflammation of the upper respiratory tract. Extracts from this species are found in numerous phytotherapeutic products, such as antitussive preparations, throat soothers, laxatives, or tonics. Additionally, Icelandic Moss is recommended as an excellent gastric and intestinal dressing. Preparations from it have been shown effective in combating Helicobacter pylori and inhibiting Koch’s bacillus due to the bacteriostatic action provided by usnic acid and evosine contained within. Similarly, these are good tonics for the vegetative and vasomotor nervous system and accelerate recovery during convalescence. Its high content of polysaccharides and lactones (especially aliphatic lactones) also gives Icelandic Moss antitumoral properties, thereby supporting proper cell division. Last but not least, through its beneficial action on the upper respiratory tract, preparations obtained from Icelandic Moss thalli are useful in soothing episodes of non-productive, whooping cough, asthma, and respiratory allergies.

In conclusion, the extract of Icelandic Moss is recognized for its anti-inflammatory and regenerative properties on the respiratory tract. It is recommended for alleviating cough, hoarseness, sore throat, and aiding expectoration. Moreover, the active compounds (e.g., mucilages and polysaccharides, lichen acids – cetraric, protocetraric, protolichensterinic, fumaric, δ,1-usnic; volatile oils, galactomannan, lichenin, friedelin, evosine, aliphatic lactones, modified chlorophyll/taloclor, lipids, bitter principles, vitamins – A, B1, and minerals – iodine, etc.) from the thalli of this species also contribute to: limiting inflammatory processes in the body, modulating the immune response, maintaining normal cell division, and destroying aberrant cells, stimulating gastrointestinal and pancreatic secretions, soothing the gastrointestinal mucous membranes, promoting gallbladder evacuation, and tonifying the vegetative and vasomotor nervous system. In brief, among the virtues of Icelandic Moss derivatives are actions that are cytotoxic, antiproliferative, antitumoral, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antitussive, emollient, anti-asthmatic, cholagogue, stomachic, tonic for the nervous system, antiviral (especially against HIV and Helicobacter pylori), bacteriostatic (e.g., in the case of Koch’s bacillus), and slightly laxative.

Black Locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) is a deciduous tree, a megaphanerophyte, heliophytic, adventitious, either spontaneous or cultivated, belonging to the Fabaceae/Leguminosae family, thus being a legume like Peas, Beans, Chickpeas, Liquorice, Lentils, and Alfalfa. It was brought to Europe in 1601, specifically to France, by J. Robin, which is why the scientific name of the genus is “Robinia.” Furthermore, the species name “pseudoacacia” refers to the resemblance of the Black Locust to Acacia, meaning “false acacia.” However, the two species are not related. In 1740, Black Locust was introduced as a forest tree in Germany, and in 1750 it was introduced as an ornamental plant in parks in Romania. The first forest cultivation was established in 1852, in Băilești, Dolj, for stabilizing sandy soils, followed by many other plantations in various regions of lowland and sandy soils in the country. In 1879, Black Locust flowers began to be used in the textile industry for dyeing silk and cotton yellow. Moreover, the species has a history of use in traditional medicine in our country. It has been empirically used against coughs, stomach, chest, or head pains. Black Locust was also used to neutralize gastric hyperacidity, as an adjunct in leucorrhea, pulmonary tuberculosis, insomnia, and neuropsychiatric disorders. Both the flowers and leaves, as well as the bark, were used for medicinal purposes; however, the consumption of derivatives from leaves and bark is not recommended due to their toxicity (high amounts of toxalbumins such as robin or fazin).

In modern phytotherapy, products obtained from Black Locust flowers stand out for their emollient, antacid, calming, and antitussive properties. The biologically active compounds contained in these preparations have an action of neutralizing gastric hyperacidity, soothing and regenerating gastric and duodenal mucous membranes, and alleviating symptoms associated with ulcers. Additionally, Black Locust derivatives are useful in soothing inflammation of the upper respiratory tract, alleviating pain, calming cough, and stimulating expectoration. Lastly, they are a good adjunct in relieving headaches (migraines), rheumatic pain, or dental pain. Thus, preparations based on Black Locust are recommended for their beneficial effects on the digestive system, having a mild alkalizing, emollient, calming, and regenerating action in the stomach and duodenum. Externally, Black Locust derivatives help in faster healing of mucous membranes and skin, being indicated for burns, frostbites, purulent wounds, rheumatic pain, ulcers, and skin cracks. Furthermore, preparations based on Black Locust have antirheumatic properties and act as adjuncts in leucorrhea and in alleviating dental neuralgias.

In conclusion, Black Locust extract is recognized for its mildly alkalizing, emollient, and calming properties on gastric and duodenal mucosa. Additionally, the active compounds (e.g., flavonoid glycosides – robinin, acacine; organic acids – caffeic, chlorogenic, palmitic, linoleic, α-linolenic; methyl salicylate, isopropyl myristate, volatile oil – p-anisic acid, farnesol, n-pentadecan, n-pentacosan, n-heptacosan, n-nonacosan; vitamins and minerals – Ca, Ni, Cu, Cr, etc.) from Black Locust flowers also contribute to: combating gastric hyperacidity and alleviating associated pain, reducing the burning sensation caused by gastric reflux (pyrosis), easing breathing by thinning bronchial secretions, soothing inflammation of the upper respiratory tract, reducing episodes of cough, alleviating rheumatic joint pain, maintaining normal cell division, eliminating metabolic toxins and excess water from the body through urine. In summary, among the virtues of Black Locust extract are actions that are antacid, antitussive, secretolytic, anti-inflammatory, calming, anti-asthmatic, antirheumatic, cytotoxic, emollient, antibronchitic, and diuretic. Externally, Black Locust derivatives can be used to speed up the healing of wounds, ulcers, burns, or frostbites, to care for dry skin and scalp due to their anti-inflammatory, emollient, and healing properties. Additionally, they are adjuncts in soothing rheumatic pain, leucorrhea, and dental neuralgia. Last but not least, Black Locust flowers have culinary uses, acting as flavoring agents, and cosmetic uses, soothing dry skin, protecting against aging, and speeding up the healing of burns or other injuries.

Black Elderberry (Sambucus nigra) belongs to a complex of shrub species from the Adoxaceae family. It contains over 20 varieties of shrubs originating from Europe, Asia (South-West), or Africa (North-West). Although it is a poisonous species for mammals, Elderberry has been used in nutrition, as a medicinal plant, and also as an ornamental plant for over 4,000 years. For humans, the flowers and ripe fruits (possibly processed) are non-toxic, while the other parts (leaves, bark, seeds) of the plant are toxic due to the presence of sambunigrin (a cyanogenic glycoside) or calcium oxalate crystals (especially in the bark). Culinary uses for the fruits include (especially cooked, not raw) making jam, preserves, or sauces, but Scandinavian people and Germans also use them to prepare soups. The flowers are most often used to make infusions, syrups, soft drinks, and alcoholic beverages, such as elderflower cordial.

With a multitude of phytotherapeutic uses, ranging from alleviating asthma and allergy symptoms to stimulating intestinal peristalsis, this shrub is mentioned in countless reference works. Preparations obtained from flowers or fruits are most commonly used; however, there are also mentions of the use of leaves or bark in skin treatments. Regarding Elderflower, they are predominantly used today in the form of infusions, macerates, or tinctures. These preparations are indicated for soothing symptoms associated with viral infections and respiratory infections, such as cough, fever, or throat discomfort, and for strengthening immunity. Additionally, they are recommended for supporting detoxification processes in the body, especially through sweating, and for eliminating water retention and uric acid through urine. Due to their laxative, diuretic, and detoxifying effects, Elderberry preparations are increasingly utilized in weight management, supporting healthy weight loss efforts alongside exercise, dietary regulation, and a balanced lifestyle. Lastly, when used externally, Elderflower preparations have a calming effect on the skin, eyes, and anal area (soothing hemorrhoids). They are also effective in cleansing the complexion, possessing antiseptic action, useful in combating boils and blisters.

In conclusion, Elderberry extract contributes to maintaining the health of the renal system by reducing inflammation and promoting the elimination of excess water and uric acid. Similarly, it supports the proper functioning of the respiratory system by soothing irritations at this level and stimulating expectoration. Additionally, the active compounds (e.g., tannins, polyphenols, glycosides, saponosides, mucilages, volatile oils, rutin, ethyl, isobutyl, and isoamyl amines, organic acids, vitamin C, mineral salts) from Elderflower contribute to detoxifying the body, have antiseptic effects, are slightly laxative, and promote sweating. In short, among the virtues of Elderberry preparations are actions that are diuretic, depurative, diaphoretic, anti-inflammatory, astringent, antiseptic, galactogogic, laxative, and immunomodulatory.

Linden (Tilia cordata), is a deciduous tree of medium size, native and capable of reaching average heights of 20-30 m. Due to the pleasant aroma of its flowers and its decorative, cosmetic, and phytotherapeutic properties, Linden is cultivated and is often found in gardens and parks. It is also appreciated for the honey obtained from its flowers, a product that stands out due to its organoleptic, nutritional, and phytotherapeutic properties. Like many species with therapeutic uses, Linden has been known since antiquity. The species has been used for both humans and veterinary purposes for various respiratory issues. Traditionally, due to its pleasant aroma, Linden tea is used to calm agitation and induce sleep in small children. This fact indicates good tolerability to Linden-based products and increased safety of use.

In modern phytotherapy, products made from Linden flowers are recommended for a wide range of issues. They are particularly useful in soothing spasms and mental excitement. The relaxing effect is attributed to the essential oil in the flowers, which is rich in the active compound farnesol. As a side note, farnesol is responsible for the pleasant smell of Linden flowers. Through the relaxing effect of Linden, improvements in sleep quality can be achieved, and it also alleviates digestive issues; preparations from this species have the ability to increase the amount of bile secreted by the liver. Due to the mucilage content of Linden flower preparations, they have an emollient and soothing action on the respiratory tract. Thus, Linden flowers are recommended as an adjunct in colds, coughs, stomatitis, and inflammation of the respiratory tract, having an anti-inflammatory and decongestant effect. Furthermore, they ease expectoration, inhibit the development of bacteria and viruses, and reduce fever.

When consumed regularly, Linden-based products aid in detoxifying the body through their diaphoretic and diuretic properties due to the flavones they contain. They also support cardiovascular health through their vasodilatory and hypotensive actions, being particularly useful for individuals with high blood pressure with a neurovegetative substrate who experience worsening symptoms in states of agitation and nervousness. Containing phytoestrogens, Linden flowers also have a beneficial effect on female reproductive health. They help regulate the menstrual cycle and reduce headaches and abdominal pain associated with menstruation. Additionally, modern scientific research indicates a possible usefulness of Linden derivatives in combating cellular division issues. This action is attributed to the presence of active substances with antioxidant and antimutagenic properties, such as phenols.

Stinging Nettle (Urtica dioica) is a herbaceous perennial species that belongs to the Urticaceae family. This plant has recognized applications in various fields: medical, cosmetic, and culinary, being used and appreciated since ancient times for its versatility. Traditionally used for spring cleanses that involve “blood cleansing,” Nettle is an excellent anti-anemic due to its hematopoietic properties (stimulating the synthesis of red blood cells), its iron content, and its vitamins from the B complex (folic acid, B2, B5) and protoporphyrins. Furthermore, nettle preparations have a hemostatic effect (due to the presence of vitamin K and tannins) that can limit internal bleeding leading to the organism’s anemia over time. Naturally, the “blood cleansing” is also aided by its diuretic and depurative effects, making it a natural alternative for detoxifying the body from chemicals and heavy metals, eliminating accumulations of uric acid and excess water from the body. Thus, nettle is also useful in maintaining kidney and urinary tract health, serving as a good adjunct in kidney stones and in water retention associated with premenstrual syndrome. Additionally, nettles are considered useful in alleviating nocturnal enuresis (nighttime incontinence).

A spring cleanse with nettle products is beneficial also regarding the plant’s antiallergic and anti-asthmatic properties. Regular consumption of these products during allergy season, can alleviate the intensity of the immune system’s reactions to various allergens due to their content of natural antihistamines. During both spring and autumn cleanses, nettle can be associated with Sea Buckthorn fruits to strengthen the organism through vitaminization and remineralization. Scientific studies have shown that due to their phytosterol content, nettles are excellent protectors of prostate health. The sterols in the leaves of this plant inhibit the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone, a hormone that can cause prostate issues. Furthermore, phytosterols may also contribute to maintaining cardiovascular health by lowering cholesterol and triglycerides. In addition to phytosterols, nettles also contain lectins – compounds with anti-inflammatory action that seem to be involved in alleviating joint issues. Lectins may also possess antiviral and bacteriostatic properties, with recent studies highlighting their ability to inhibit the proliferation of pathogens such as Staphylococcus, Shigella, or Pasteurella. Another quality of nettle extracts is their ability to stimulate insulin secretion from the pancreas, leading to slight hypoglycemic effects. Furthermore, they are also galactogogic, stimulating milk secretion.

In conclusion, nettle extract helps maintain kidney health through its antiseptic action and by promoting the elimination of excess water and uric acid. It also supports the proper functioning of the immune system by modulating the immune response and reducing the inflammatory status in the body. Moreover, the active compounds (e.g., tannins, flavonoids – quercetin, chlorophyll, rutin, phytosterols, acetylcholine, serotonin precursors, essential oils, vitamins – A, B2, B5, B9, C, K, mineral salts – Ca, Mg, Si, volatile oils) from Nettle leaves contribute to detoxifying the body, increasing vitality and energizing the body, maintaining heart health, possessing anti-inflammatory properties at the pulmonary level, supporting venous circulation, and reducing the sensation of tired legs, having antiseptic, galactogogic, hemostatic, and slightly hypoglycemic effects. In summary, among the virtues of nettle extract are actions that are diuretic, depurative, hemostatic, anti-inflammatory, slightly hypoglycemic, hypotensive, antiseptic, expectorant, spasmolytic, mineralizing, and immunomodulatory.

Gentian (Gentiana asclepiadea), is a perennial herbaceous plant that belongs to the Gentianaceae family (which contains over 87 genera and 1,600 species). Most gentians are popularly called “Gentian” and have a long tradition as medicinal plants, especially for their tonic-bitter properties. The most commonly used part for phytotherapeutic purposes is the root (with rhizomes), which is in symbiosis with certain species of fungi. Appreciated since antiquity, Gentian remains an effective remedy today against a wide range of digestive issues and more. Thus, it has been used for centuries as a bitter tonic, thanks to its property of stimulating digestive juice secretion, reducing bloating, and stimulating liver function. In Ayurvedic medicine, it is used for its “anti-Pitta” effect, being a powerful protector of the stomach, liver, and spleen. Found in numerous digestive preparations and alcoholic beverages (bitters, palinca, aperitifs, Gentian brandy, tinctures, etc.), Gentian imparts a characteristic bitter flavor that serves to increase appetite, stimulate gastric juice secretion, gallbladder contraction, and bile secretion. More specifically, the bitter principles contained in the roots and rhizomes of plants in the Gentiana genus, among which amarogenin stands out as the most bitter, are largely responsible for the health benefits of these species. Current scientific research increasingly confirms the health properties of Gentian-based products, particularly on the digestive system, as well as on the nervous and immune systems.

In conclusion, Gentian helps enhance digestion by stimulating gastric and hepato-biliary functions. Moreover, the active compounds (e.g., bitter principles / secoiridoids – gentianin, amarogenin; swerozides, swertiamarin; oligosaccharides – gentianose; polysaccharides – inulin, pectins; phenolic acids – caffeic, protocatechuic, gentistic; tannins, xanthones – gentisin, gentisein, gentiozide; β-amines, lupeol, essential oils, etc.) in Gentian contribute to stimulating appetite, reducing bloating, tonifying the nervous system, alleviating febrile states, strengthening the immune system, and eliminating intestinal parasites. In summary, among the virtues of Gentian-based products are actions that are stomachic, eupeptic, cholagogue, choleretic, hepatoprotective, digestive, tonic-bitter, tonic for the nerves and general health, carminative, antihelmintic, antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory, depurative, immunomodulatory, emmenagogue, febrifuge, and diuretic.

Red Clover (Trifolium pratense), also known as Wild Clover, is a perennial herbaceous forage plant that produces purple or reddish-pink flowers and is part of the Fabaceae family, being a legume. Particularly useful for enriching soil with nitrogen, this species can be found both in spontaneous flora and cultivated areas, from lowlands to alpine regions. Most likely, the plant derived its name from the Latin word “Trifolium,” meaning three leaves, due to its trifoliate leaves. Known more as a forage plant today, Red Clover also has significant pharmacological properties. It has been known and used since antiquity, utilized by our Dacian ancestors for soothing coughs in the form of infusions sweetened with honey, and for joint pains in baths. Additionally, Red Clover is highly regarded in traditional Indian medicine, where it is used for its antispasmodic, sedative, expectorant, anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, and decongestant actions.

In modern phytotherapy, derivatives from the inflorescences of this plant are mentioned as having a relaxing effect on the nervous system. Additionally, the isoflavones contained have a weak estrogenic action that promotes menstrual regulation and eases the stages of menopause. The plant is also valuable for its anti-platelet, hypocholesterolemic, anti-infective, and anti-inflammatory properties, particularly at the bronchial level, where it stimulates the elimination of secretions and reduces spasms, soothing coughing episodes. According to some studies, the species also has anticancer properties and regulatory effects on the lymphatic system. Lastly, Red Clover improves cardiovascular functions, increases the elasticity and resistance of blood vessel and capillary walls, reduces blood pressure, normalizes intestinal transit, and is beneficial for bone strength (promoting remineralization, especially in postmenopausal women). Used externally, preparations based on Red Clover are wound-healing, antiseptic, antirheumatic, emollient, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic, maintaining the health and resistance of hair.

In conclusion, Red Clover extract is recognized for its ability to balance hormonal levels, with enhanced efficacy in regulating menstruation and easing the stages of menopause. It is also recommended for alleviating coughs, hoarseness, sore throats, and aiding expectoration. Additionally, the active compounds (e.g., flavonoids, triterpenoid saponins, phenolic acids, salicylic acid, mucilages, coumarins, linamaroside, phytoestrogens – coumestrol, isoflavones; volatile oils, vitamins – carotenoids, B complex, C, D, and minerals – Ca, Mg, P, K, Na, Fe, Cr, Si) from the inflorescences of this species also contribute to: strengthening immunity, thinning the blood, maintaining normal cell division, and limiting inflammatory processes in the body. Thus, among the virtues of Red Clover derivatives are actions that are antispasmodic, sedative, estrogenic, anti-infective, antitussive, emollient, anti-tumoral, depurative, anti-inflammatory, hypotensive, anticoagulant, immunomodulatory, mineralizing, diuretic, and slightly laxative.